In most patients with eye signs of Graves' disease (Fig. 17.55) no treatment is required other than reassurance and adequate control o the hyperthyroidism, being careful to avoid rendering the patient hypothyroid. For severe congestive ophthalmopathy, expert super vision is urgently required in a specialist endocrine unit to co-ordinate the expertise of the endocrinologist, ophthalmologist, radiotherapist neurosurgeon, and ear, nose and throat surgeon.